TL;DR
This paper discusses the complexities of quark masses in two-flavor QCD and argues that non-perturbative effects prevent certain solutions to the strong CP problem, challenging previous assumptions about quark mass degeneracy.
Contribution
It demonstrates that non-perturbative effects in two-flavor QCD complicate the matching of lattice and perturbative results and rule out a massless up quark as a solution to the strong CP problem.
Findings
Non-perturbative effects are not universal for three independent mass parameters.
Matching lattice and perturbative results is problematic for non-degenerate quarks.
A massless up quark cannot resolve the strong CP problem.
Abstract
Two flavor QCD involves three independent mass parameters for which non-perturbative effects are not universal. This precludes matching lattice and perturbative results for non-degenerate quarks and eliminates a vanishing up quark mass as a viable solution to the strong CP problem.
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