A Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Damped Lyman alpha System: Probing Gas from Population III Nucleosynthesis?

TL;DR

This study reports a highly metal-poor, carbon-enhanced damped Lyman-alpha system with abundance patterns matching Population III supernova models, providing insights into early star nucleosynthesis and galaxy formation.

Contribution

First detection of a carbon-enhanced damped Lyman-alpha system with abundance patterns consistent with Population III supernova yields.

Findings

Exhibits [Fe/H] = -3.04 and [C/Fe] = +1.53, the highest carbon enhancement in such systems.

Suggests pollution by only a few supernovae based on carbon mass limits.

Potential link between Population III star yields and carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars.

Abstract

We present high resolution observations of an extremely metal-poor damped Lyman-alpha system, at z_abs = 2.3400972 in the spectrum of the QSO J0035-0918, exhibiting an abundance pattern consistent with model predictions for the supernova yields of Population III stars. Specifically, this DLA has [Fe/H] = -3.04, shows a clear `odd-even' effect, and is C-rich with [C/Fe] = +1.53, a factor of about 20 greater than reported in any other damped Lyman-alpha system. In analogy to the carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo (with [C/Fe] > +1.0), this is the first reported case of a carbon-enhanced damped Lyman-alpha system. We determine an upper limit to the mass of 12C, M(12C) < 200 solar masses, which depends on the unknown gas density n(H); if n(H) > 1 atom per cubic cm (which is quite likely for this DLA given its low velocity dispersion), then M(12C) < 2 solar masses, consistent with pollution by only a few prior supernovae. We speculate that DLAs such as the one reported here may represent the `missing link' between the yields of Pop III stars and their later incorporation in the class of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars which show no enhancement of neutron-capture elements (CEMP-no stars).