Sunyaev-Zel'dovich observation of the Bullet-like cluster Abell 2146 with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager

TL;DR

This study uses AMI observations to detect and analyze the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 2146, revealing gas distribution irregularities and estimating cluster parameters.

Contribution

First application of AMI SZ observations to Abell 2146, combining Bayesian analysis with a simplified cluster model to estimate mass and temperature in a merging system.

Findings

Detected SZ effect with 13 sigma significance.

Discovered extended, perpendicular gas regions indicating merger activity.

Estimated cluster mass as 4.1 ± 0.5 x 10^{14} h^{-1} M_sun and temperature as 4.5 ± 0.5 keV.

Abstract

We present 13.9-18.2 GHz observations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect towards Abell 2146 using the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI). The cluster is detected with a peak SNR ratio of 13 sigma in the radio source subtracted map. Comparison of the SZ and X-ray images suggests that they both have extended regions which lie approximately perpendicular to one another, with their emission peaks significantly displaced. These features indicate non-uniformities in the distributions of the gas temperature and pressure, indicative of a cluster merger. We use a Bayesian cluster analysis to explore the high-dimensional parameter space of the cluster-plus-sources model to obtain cluster parameter estimates in the presence of radio point sources, receiver noise and primordial CMB anisotropy; the probability of SZ + CMB primordial structure + radio sources + receiver noise to CMB + radio sources + receiver noise is 3 x 10^{6}:1. We compare the results from three different cluster models. Our preferred model exploits the observation that the gas fractions do not appear to vary greatly between clusters. Given the relative masses of the two merging systems in Abell 2146, the mean gas temperature can be deduced from the virial theorem (assuming all of the kinetic energy is in the form of internal gas energy) without being affected significantly by the merger event, provided the primary cluster was virialized before the merger. In this model we fit a simple spherical isothermal beta-model, despite the inadequacy of this model for a merging system like Abell 2146, and assume the cluster follows the mass-temperature relation of a virialized, singular, isothermal sphere. We note that this model avoids inferring large-scale cluster parameters internal to r_200 under the widely used assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. We find that at r_200 M_T= 4.1 \pm 0.5 x 10^{14} h^{-1}M_sun and T=4.5 \pm 0.5 keV.