Evolution of the CKM Matrix in the Universal Extra Dimension Model

TL;DR

This paper studies how the CKM matrix and quark Yukawa couplings evolve with energy in the universal extra dimension model, revealing rapid changes near the unification scale due to Kaluza-Klein modes.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of CKM matrix evolution within the universal extra dimension framework, including effects of Kaluza-Klein modes.

Findings

Mixing angles and CP violation measure J vary rapidly with energy.

Evolution becomes dramatic near the unification scale.

Kaluza-Klein modes significantly influence the evolution.

Abstract

The evolution of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix and the quark Yukawa couplings is performed for the one-loop renormalization group equations in the universal extra dimension model. It is found that the evolution of mixing angles and the CP violation measure J may rapidly vary in the presence of the Kaluza-Klein modes, and this variation becomes dramatic as the energy approaches the unification scale.