Toward a well defined monopole creation operator

TL;DR

This paper investigates the lattice implementation of the monopole creation operator, addressing issues caused by lattice artifacts and confirming its validity as an order parameter for monopole condensation.

Contribution

It provides preliminary evidence that lattice artifacts do not compromise the physical interpretation of the monopole creation operator.

Findings

Lattice artifacts affect monopole operator measurements

Evidence suggests artifacts are not physically significant

Supports monopole operator as an order parameter

Abstract

The lattice implementation of monopole creation operator proves to have problems related to bulk transitions that can possibly affect the interpretation of its mean value as an order parameter for monopole condensation. Preliminary evidence is presented that these unexpected behaviours are in fact only due to lattice artefacts and do not spoil the physical interpretation of the monopole operator.