Mass coupling and $Q^{-1} of impurity-limited normal $^3$He in a torsion pendulum

TL;DR

This study measures the dissipation and period shift in impurity-limited $^3$He confined in compressed aerogel using a high-Q torsion pendulum, revealing temperature-dependent behavior and comparing it to bulk $^3$He.

Contribution

It provides new experimental data on $Q^{-1}$ and period shift of $^3$He in aerogel, highlighting impurity effects and temperature dependence with high sensitivity.

Findings

$Q^{-1}$ decreases by an order of magnitude from 100 mK to 3 mK.

Period shift $ riangle P$ is 2.9% of the total at 100 mK.

Results are compared with theoretical calculations for bulk $^3$He.

Abstract

We present results of the $Q^{-1}$ and period shift, $\Delta P$, for $^3$He confined in a 98% nominal open aerogel on a torsion pendulum. The aerogel is compressed uniaxially by 10% along a direction aligned to the torsion pendulum axis and was grown within a 400 $\mu$m tall pancake (after compression) similar to an Andronikashvili geometry. The result is a high $Q$ pendulum able to resolve $Q^{-1}$ and mass coupling of the impurity-limited $^3$He over the whole temperature range. After measuring the empty cell background, we filled the cell above the critical point and observe a temperature dependent period shift, $\Delta P$, between 100 mK and 3 mK that is 2.9$%$ of the period shift (after filling) at 100 mK. The $Q^{-1}$ due to the $^3$He decreases by an order of magnitude between 100 mK and 3 mK at a pressure of $0.14\pm0.03$ bar. We compare the observable quantities to the corresponding calculated $Q^{-1}$ and period shift for bulk $^3$He.