Collateral Effects on Solar Nebula Oxygen Isotopes due to Injection of 26Al by a Nearby Supernova

TL;DR

This study reevaluates how supernova injection of short-lived radionuclides like 26Al affects oxygen isotopes in the solar nebula, considering various explosion conditions and non-homogeneous distributions, and finds that such injection scenarios remain plausible.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of oxygen isotope shifts considering diverse supernova progenitor and explosion parameters, including non-homogeneity, challenging previous constraints.

Findings

Isotopic shifts vary widely depending on explosion parameters.

Some supernova scenarios are compatible with meteoritic oxygen isotope data.

It is difficult to definitively exclude supernova injection based on oxygen isotopes.

Abstract

Injection of material from a core-collapse supernova into the solar system's already-formed disk is one proposed mechanism for producing the short-lived radionuclides, such as 26Al and 41Ca, inferred from isotopic studies of meteorites to have existed in the solar nebula. This hypothesis has recently been challenged on the basis that the injection of enough supernova material to match the meteoritic abundances of 26Al and 41Ca would produce large, measureable, and unobserved collateral effects on oxygen isotopes. Here we calculate again the shifts in oxygen isotopes due to injection of supernova material in the solar nebula, using a variety of nucleosynthetic conditions of our own progenitor explosions. Unlike previous studies of this type, we also consider the effect of non-homogeneity in abundance distribution of the nucleosynthesis products after the explosion. We calculate the shifts in oxygen isotopes due to injection of sufficient supernova material to produce the meteoritic abundances of 26Al and 41Ca, and analyze the predicted shifts in detail for compatibility with meteoritic data. We find that the range in possible isotopic shifts is considerable and sensitive to parameters such as progenitor mass and anisotropy of the explosion; however, a small number of compatible scenarios do exist. Because of the wide range of outcomes and the sensitivity of isotopic yields to assumed conditions, it is difficult to constrain the supernova that may have led to injection of 26Al in the solar nebula. Conversely, we argue that the existence of viable counterexamples demonstrates that it is premature to use oxygen isotopes to rule out injection of 26Al and 41Ca into the solar nebula protoplanetary disk by a nearby supernova.