Evolution of the Fundamental Plane of 0.2<z<1.2 Early-type galaxies in the EGS

TL;DR

This study investigates the evolution of early-type galaxies' structural and dynamical properties over redshift 0.2 to 1.2, revealing size growth and brightness changes linked to galaxy mergers and intrinsic property variations.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the evolution of the Fundamental Plane and the role of compact galaxies, using detailed morphological and kinematic analysis of a large galaxy sample.

Findings

Brightening of 0.68 mag in B-band at z=0.7

Size increase in compact galaxies due to dry minor mergers

Reduced scatter in FP when allowing slope evolution

Abstract

The Fundamental Plane relates the structural properties of early-type galaxies such as its surface brightness and effective radius with its dynamics. The study of its evolution has therefore important implications for models of galaxy formation and evolution. This work aims to identify signs of evolution of early-type galaxies through the study of parameter correlations using a sample of 135 field galaxies extracted from the Extended Groth Strip in the redshift range 0.2<z<1.2. Using DEEP2 data, we calculate the internal velocity dispersions by extracting the stellar kinematics from absorption line spectra, using a maximum penalized likelihood approach. Morphology was determined through visual classification using the V+I images of ACS. The structural parameters of these galaxies were obtained by fitting de Vaucouleurs stellar profiles to the ACS I-band images, using the GALFIT code. S\'ersic and bulge-to-disc decomposition models were also fitted to our sample of galaxies, and we found a good agreement in the Fundamental Plane derived from the three models. Assuming that effective radii and velocity dispersions do not evolve with redshift, we have found a brightening of 0.68 mag in the B-band and 0.52 mag in the g-band at <z>=0.7. However, the scatter in the FP is reduced by half when we allow the FP slope to evolve, suggesting a different evolution of early-type galaxies according to their intrinsic properties. The study of the Kormendy relation shows the existence of a population of very compact (Re<2 Kpc) and bright galaxies (-21.5>Mg>-22.5), of which there are only a small fraction (0.4%) at z=0. The evolution of these compact objects is mainly caused by an increase in size that could be explained by the action of dry minor mergers, and this population is responsible for the evolution detected in the Fundamental Plane.