Bipolar outflows as a repulsive gravitational phenomenon -- Azimuthally Symmetric Theory of Gravitation (II)

TL;DR

This paper proposes that under certain conditions, the Azimuthally Symmetric Theory of Gravitation (ASTG) predicts repulsive gravitational fields in polar regions, offering a new explanation for bipolar outflows and addressing the radiation problem in star formation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel gravitational framework (ASTG) that predicts repulsive gravity in specific regions, challenging conventional attraction-only models and explaining outflows and continued accretion in star formation.

Findings

Repulsive gravitational fields occur in polar regions under certain conditions.

ASTG provides a solution to the radiation problem in massive star formation.

Outflows may originate from repulsive gravity rather than other mechanisms.

Abstract

This paper is part of a series on the Azimuthally Symmetric Theory of Gravitation (ASTG) which is built on Laplace-Poisson's well known equation. We show herein that the emergent equations from the ASTG, under some critical conditions determined by the spin, do possess repulsive gravitational fields in the polar regions of the gravitating body in question. This places the ASTG on an interesting pedestal to infer the origins of outflows as a repulsive gravitational phenomenon. Outflows are a ubiquitous phenomenon found in star forming systems and their true origin is a question yet to be settled. Given the current thinking on their origin, the direction that the present paper takes is nothing short of an asymptotic break from conventional wisdom; at the very least, it is a complete paradigm shift because gravitation is not at all associated with this process, but rather it is thought to be an all-attractive force that only tries to squash matter together onto a single point. Additionally, we show that the emergent Azimuthally Symmetric Gravitational Field from the ASTG strongly suggests a solution to the supposed Radiation Problem that is thought to be faced by massive stars in their process of formation. That is, at about 8-10Msun radiation from the nascent star is expected to halt the accretion of matter. We show that in-falling material will fall onto the equatorial disk and from there, this material will be channeled onto the forming star via the equatorial plane, thus accretion of mass continues well past the value of about 8-10Msun, albeit via the disk. Along the equatorial plane, the net force (with the radiation force included) on any material there-on right up to the surface of the star is directed toward the forming star, hence accretion of mass by the nascent star is un-hampered.