Classification of field dwarfs and giants in RAVE and its use in stellar stream detection

TL;DR

This study develops a method to distinguish dwarfs from giants in RAVE survey data using spectroscopic and photometric features, and re-evaluates a previously claimed stellar stream with improved star classification.

Contribution

It introduces a new classification approach combining mixture models and SVMs for dwarf/giant separation in RAVE data, and reassesses the existence of a stellar stream with this improved classification.

Findings

Infrared bands alone do not effectively separate dwarfs and giants.

Contamination of giant classification remains above 20% even with multiple features.

Re-analysis shows a marginal overdensity at the KFR08 stream's position, questioning its significance.

Abstract

An efficient separation between dwarfs and giants in surveys of bright stars is important, especially for studies in which distances are estimated through photometric parallax relations. We use the available spectroscopic log g estimates from the second RAVE data release (DR2) to assign each star a probability for being a dwarf or subgiant/giant based on mixture model fits to the log g distribution in different color bins. We further attempt to use these stars as a labeled training set in order to classify stars which lack log g estimates into dwarfs and giants with a SVM algorithm. We assess the performance of this classification against different choices of the input feature vector. In particular, we use different combinations of reduced proper motions, 2MASS JHK, DENIS IJK and USNO-B B2R2 apparent magnitudes. Our study shows that -- for our color ranges -- the infrared bands alone provide no relevant information to separate dwarfs and giants. Even when optical bands and reduced proper motions are added, the fraction of true giants classified as dwarfs (the contamination) remains above 20%. Using only the dwarfs with available spectroscopic log g and distance estimates (the latter from Breddels et al. 2010), we then repeat the stream search by Klement, Fuchs & Rix (2008, KFR08), which assumed all stars were dwarfs and claimed the discovery of a new stellar stream at V = -160 km/s in a sample of 7015 stars from RAVE DR1. Our re-analysis of the pure DR2 dwarf sample exhibits an overdensity of 5 stars at the phase-space position of the KFR08 stream, with a metallicity distribution that appears inconsistent with that of stars at comparably low rotational velocities. Compared to several smooth Milky Way models, the mean standardized deviation of the KFR08 stream is only marginal at 1.6$\pm$0.4... (abbreviated)