DEPFET Active Pixel Sensors for the Belle II Experiment

TL;DR

This paper discusses the development and testing of DEPFET active pixel sensors for the Belle II experiment, emphasizing their design, performance, and suitability for high-luminosity particle tracking.

Contribution

It introduces the application of DEPFET sensors in Belle II, detailing their design, integration, and performance in a high-luminosity collider environment.

Findings

DEPFET sensors achieve high signal-to-noise ratio with thin sensors.

Prototype sensors perform well in lab, beam tests, and irradiations.

Simulation studies confirm their effectiveness for vertex detection at Belle II.

Abstract

DEPleted Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) active pixel detectors combine a first amplification stage with a fully depleted sensor in one single device, resulting in a very good signal-to-noise ratio even for thin sensors. DEPFET pixels are produced in MOS technology with two metal and two poly-silicon layers and have been developed for the use in Xray imaging and tracking in particle physics experiments. The sensor concept will be presented and all aspects of operation will be detailed with the focus on its application at the upgraded detector Belle II under preparation for the high-luminosity upgrade of the e+e- KEKB collider in Japan. The stringent requirements on excellent spatial resolution can be met by cell sizes as small as 25x25 um2 and minimal material budget. The readout ASICs attached to the sensors will be described as well as the module design and the thinning technology employed to reduced the active sensor thickness to as little as 50 um. DEPFET prototype performance at lab and beam tests will be presented, as well as results of irradiations up to 8 MRad. Extensive simulation studies have been made to asses the vertexing and tracking performance of DEPFET-based vertex detector of Belle II. The main performance parameters will be shown, together with an overview of the project status