Histories and observables in covariant field theory

TL;DR

This paper develops a rigorous mathematical framework for non-local classical observables in covariant field theory, connecting algebraic geometry, local functional calculus, and gauge theories, to facilitate understanding of renormalization and quantum field mathematics.

Contribution

It introduces a general notion of non-local observables in covariant field theory using algebraic geometry and relates it to existing calculus methods and the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism.

Findings

Defines non-local classical observables applicable to various physical systems.

Relates algebraic geometry methods to local functional calculus and secondary calculus.

Provides a coordinate-free approach to the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism.

Abstract

Motivated by DeWitt's viewpoint of covariant field theory, we define a general notion of non-local classical observable that applies to many physical lagrangian systems (with bosonic and fermionic variables), by using methods that are now standard in algebraic geometry. We review the (standard) methods of local functional calculus, as they are presented by Beilinson and Drinfeld, and relate them to our construction. We partially explain the relation of these with the Vinogradov's secondary calculus. The methods present here are all necessary to understand mathematically properly and with simple notions the full renormalization of the standard model, based on functional integral methods. This article can be seen as an introduction to well grounded classical physical mathematics, and as a good starting point to study quantum physical mathematics, that make frequent use of non-local functionals, like for example in the computation of Wilson's effective action. We finish by describing briefly a coordinate free approach to the classical Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism for general gauge theories, in the language of homotopical geometry.