Fluctuation-induced forces between atoms and surfaces: the Casimir-Polder interaction

TL;DR

This paper reviews the theory and recent developments of Casimir-Polder forces, electromagnetic fluctuation-induced interactions between atoms and surfaces, highlighting their tunability and relevance in quantum and condensed matter physics.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical framework and recent experimental advances, including effects of temperature and non-equilibrium conditions.

Findings

Casimir-Polder forces are tunable in strength and sign.

Recent experiments involve ultra-cold atoms.

Temperature and non-equilibrium effects significantly influence these interactions.

Abstract

Electromagnetic fluctuation-induced forces between atoms and surfaces are generally known as Casimir-Polder interactions. The exact knowledge of these forces is rapidly becoming important in modern experimental set-ups and for technological applications. Recent theoretical and experimental investigations have shown that such an interaction is tunable in strength and sign, opening new perspectives to investigate aspects of quantum field theory and condensed-matter physics. In this Chapter we review the theory of fluctuation-induced interactions between atoms and a surface, paying particular attention to the physical characterization of the system. We also survey some recent developments concerning the role of temperature, situations out of thermal equilibrium, and measurements involving ultra-cold atoms.