Two-Variable Wilson Polynomials and the Generic Superintegrable System on the 3-Sphere

TL;DR

This paper explores the symmetry algebra of a quantum superintegrable system on the 3-sphere, revealing its structure, representations, and connections to Wilson and Racah polynomials, extending previous work on the 2-sphere.

Contribution

It characterizes the quadratic algebra of the 3-sphere superintegrable system and models its representations using two-variable Wilson and Racah polynomials.

Findings

The symmetry algebra forms a closed quadratic algebra with six generators.

Explicit models of irreducible representations are constructed using divided difference operators.

Bases are expressed in terms of two-variable Wilson and Racah polynomials.

Abstract

We show that the symmetry operators for the quantum superintegrable system on the 3-sphere with generic 4-parameter potential form a closed quadratic algebra with 6 linearly independent generators that closes at order 6 (as differential operators). Further there is an algebraic relation at order 8 expressing the fact that there are only 5 algebraically independent generators. We work out the details of modeling physically relevant irreducible representations of the quadratic algebra in terms of divided difference operators in two variables. We determine several ON bases for this model including spherical and cylindrical bases. These bases are expressed in terms of two variable Wilson and Racah polynomials with arbitrary parameters, as defined by Tratnik. The generators for the quadratic algebra are expressed in terms of recurrence operators for the one-variable Wilson polynomials. The quadratic algebra structure breaks the degeneracy of the space of these polynomials. In an earlier paper the authors found a similar characterization of one variable Wilson and Racah polynomials in terms of irreducible representations of the quadratic algebra for the quantum superintegrable system on the 2-sphere with generic 3-parameter potential. This indicates a general relationship between 2nd order superintegrable systems and discrete orthogonal polynomials.