Star Formation in Collision Debris: Insights from the modeling of their Spectral Energy Distribution

TL;DR

This study models the spectral energy distribution of star-forming regions in galaxy collision debris, revealing their young age, dust properties, and similarities to dusty galactic disk regions, enhancing understanding of star formation in intergalactic environments.

Contribution

It provides a detailed SED analysis of collision debris star-forming regions, highlighting their young age, dust emission characteristics, and the presence of embedded star formation, which are novel insights.

Findings

Intergalactic star-forming regions are younger than 1 billion years.

Near-infrared excess linked to small grains and PAHs.

SED resembles dusty galactic disk regions more than dwarf galaxies.

Abstract

During galaxy-galaxy interactions, massive gas clouds can be injected into the intergalactic medium which in turn become gravitationally bound, collapse and form stars, star clusters or even dwarf galaxies. The objects resulting from this process are both "pristine", as they are forming their first generation of stars, and chemically evolved because the metallicity inherited from their parent galaxies is high. Such characteristics make them particularly interesting laboratories to study star formation. After having investigated their star-forming properties, we use photospheric, nebular and dust modeling to analyze here their spectral energy distribution (SED) from the far-ultraviolet to the mid-infrared regime for a sample of 7 star-forming regions. Our analysis confirms that the intergalactic star forming regions in Stephan's Quintet, around Arp 105, and NGC 5291, appear devoid of stellar populations older than 10^9 years. We also find an excess of light in the near-infrared regime (from 2 to 4.5 microns) which cannot be attributed to stellar photospheric or nebular contributions. This excess is correlated with the star formation rate intensity suggesting that it is probably due to emission by very small grains fluctuating in temperature as well as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) line at 3.3 micron. Comparing the attenuation via the Balmer decrement to the mid-infrared emission allows us to check the reliability of the attenuation estimate. It suggests the presence of embedded star forming regions in NGC 5291 and NGC 7252. Overall the SED of star-forming regions in collision debris (and Tidal Dwarf Galaxies) resemble more that of dusty star-forming regions in galactic disks than to that of typical star-forming dwarf galaxies.