Low Mass Dilepton Rate from the Deconfined Phase

TL;DR

This paper analyzes low mass dilepton production from the quark-gluon plasma using perturbative and non-perturbative models, comparing results with lattice data and hadron gas, highlighting dominant contributions at different mass ranges.

Contribution

It introduces a semiempirical nonperturbative gluon condensate approach and discusses the validity of perturbative rates, providing a more realistic perspective on quark-hadron duality in dilepton production.

Findings

Nonperturbative gluon condensate dominates at very low invariant mass.

ρ-q interaction is significant between 200 MeV and 1 GeV.

Higher order perturbative rates become reliable above 200 MeV.

Abstract

We discuss low mass dilepton rates ($\le 1$ GeV) from the deconfined phase of QCD using both perturbative and non-perturbative models and compare with those from lattice gauge theory and in-medium hadron gas. Our analysis suggests that the rate at very low invariant mass ($ M\le 200$ MeV) using the nonperturbative gluon condensate in a semiempirical way within the Green function dominates over the Born-rate and independent of any uncertainty associated with the choice of the strong coupling in perturbation theory. On the other hand the rate from $\rho-q$ interaction in the deconfined phase is important between 200 MeV $\le M \le 1 GeV as it is almost of same order of the Born-rate as well as in-medium hadron gas rate. Also the higher order perturbative rate, leaving aside its various uncertainties, from HTL approximation becomes reliable at $M\ge 200$ MeV and also becomes comparable with the Born-rate and the lattice-rate for $M\ge 500$ MeV, constraining on the broad resonance structures in the dilepton rate at large invariant mass. We also discuss the lattice constraints on the low mass dilepton rate. Furthermore, we discuss a more realistic way to advocate the quark-hadron duality hypothesis based on the dilepton rates from QGP and hadron gas than it is done in the literature.