Spin-one color superconductors: collective modes and effective Lagrangian

TL;DR

This paper studies collective excitations in spin-one color superconductors, classifying Nambu--Goldstone modes and deriving their dispersion relations to understand low-energy dynamics relevant for neutron star evolution.

Contribution

It provides a detailed classification of Nambu--Goldstone modes and derives their effective Lagrangian using Ginzburg--Landau theory and functional techniques.

Findings

Classification of Nambu--Goldstone modes in spin-one color superconductors

Derivation of dispersion relations for soft modes

Effective action for physical Nambu--Goldstone bosons in color-spin-locking phase

Abstract

We investigate the collective excitations in spin-one color superconductors. We classify the Nambu--Goldstone modes by the pattern of spontaneous symmetry breaking, and then use the Ginzburg--Landau theory to derive their dispersion relations. These soft modes play an important role for the low-energy dynamics of the system such as the transport phenomena and hence are relevant for late-stage evolution of neutron stars. In the case of the color-spin-locking phase, we use a functional technique to obtain the low-energy effective action for the physical Nambu--Goldstone bosons that survive after gauging the color symmetry.