Smooth paths of conditional expectations

TL;DR

This paper studies smooth paths of conditional expectations in von Neumann algebras and shows that under certain boundedness conditions, these paths induce *-isomorphisms between the subalgebras, preserving algebraic structure.

Contribution

It establishes conditions under which smooth conditional expectation paths lead to *-isomorphisms between subalgebras in von Neumann algebras.

Findings

Existence of a differentiable curve of *-isomorphisms intertwining expectations.

Boundedness condition ensures algebraic isomorphism.

Intertwining maps are weakly continuously differentiable.

Abstract

Let A be a von Neumann algebra with a finite trace $\tau$, represented in $H=L^2(A,\tau)$, and let $B_t\subset A$ be sub-algebras, for $t$ in an interval $I$. Let $E_t:A\to B_t$ be the unique $\tau$-preserving conditional expectation. We say that the path $t\mapsto E_t$ is smooth if for every $a\in A$ and $v \in H$, the map $$ I\ni t\mapsto E_t(a)v\in H $$ is continuously differentiable. This condition implies the existence of the derivative operator $$ dE_t(a):H\to H, \ dE_t(a)v=\frac{d}{dt}E_t(a)v. $$ If this operator verifies the additional boundedness condition, $$ \int_J \|dE_t(a)\|_2^2 d t\le C_J\|a\|_2^2, $$ for any closed bounded sub-interval $J\subset I$, and $C_J>0$ a constant depending only on $J$, then the algebras $B_t$ are *-isomorphic. More precisely, there exists a curve $G_t:A\to A$, $t\in I$ of unital, *-preserving linear isomorphisms which intertwine the expectations, $$ G_t\circ E_0=E_t\circ G_t. $$ The curve $G_t$ is weakly continuously differentiable. Moreover, the intertwining property in particular implies that $G_t$ maps $B_0$ onto $B_t$. We show that this restriction is a multiplicative isomorphism.