Shortest path problem in rectangular complexes of global nonpositive curvature

TL;DR

This paper introduces efficient algorithms and data structures for computing shortest paths in CAT(0) rectangular complexes and their subclasses, improving query times and data structure sizes for these geometric spaces.

Contribution

The paper presents novel algorithms and optimized data structures for shortest path queries in CAT(0) rectangular complexes, including subclasses like ramified rectilinear polygons and squaregraphs.

Findings

Data structure of size O(n^2) enables shortest path queries in O(d(p,q)) time.

Optimal size O(n) data structure for ramified rectilinear polygons with O(d(p,q)log{\Delta}) query time.

Data structure of size O(nlogn) for squaregraphs with O(d(p,q)) query time.

Abstract

CAT(0) metric spaces constitute a far-reaching common generalization of Euclidean and hyperbolic spaces and simple polygons: any two points x and y of a CAT(0) metric space are connected by a unique shortest path {\gamma}(x,y). In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for answering two-point distance queries in CAT(0) rectangular complexes and two of theirs subclasses, ramified rectilinear polygons (CAT(0) rectangular complexes in which the links of all vertices are bipartite graphs) and squaregraphs (CAT(0) rectangular complexes arising from plane quadrangulations in which all inner vertices have degrees \geq4). Namely, we show that for a CAT(0) rectangular complex K with n vertices, one can construct a data structure D of size $O(n^2)$ so that, given any two points x,y in K, the shortest path {\gamma}(x,y) between x and y can be computed in O(d(p,q)) time, where p and q are vertices of two faces of K containing the points x and y, respectively, such that {\gamma}(x,y) is contained in K(I(p,q)) and d(p,q) is the distance between p and q in the underlying graph of K. If K is a ramified rectilinear polygon, then one can construct a data structure D of optimal size O(n) and answer two-point shortest path queries in O(d(p,q)log{\Delta}) time, where {\Delta} is the maximal degree of a vertex of G(K). Finally, if K is a squaregraph, then one can construct a data structure D of size O(nlogn) and answer two-point shortest path queries in O(d(p,q)) time.