Catalysis and activation of magic states in fault tolerant architectures

TL;DR

This paper introduces novel protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computing that leverage multiple types of magic states, demonstrating phenomena similar to catalysis and activation known in entanglement theory.

Contribution

The paper presents new protocols utilizing multiple magic states, revealing phenomena analogous to catalysis and activation in quantum fault-tolerance.

Findings

Protocols exploit multiple magic states in new ways

Demonstration of catalysis-like phenomena in magic state protocols

Potential improvements in fault-tolerant quantum computing efficiency

Abstract

In many architectures for fault tolerant quantum computing universality is achieved by a combination of Clifford group unitary operators and preparation of suitable nonstabilizer states, the so-called magic states. Universality is possible even for some fairly noisy nonstabilizer states, as distillation can convert many noisy copies into fewer purer magic states. Here we propose novel protocols that exploit multiple species of magic states in surprising ways. These protocols provide examples of previously unobserved phenomena that are analogous to catalysis and activation well known in entanglement theory.