Matter couplings in Horava-Lifshitz and their cosmological applications

TL;DR

This paper explores how to incorporate matter into Hořava-Lifshitz gravity, proposing two approaches to define matter couplings and analyzing their cosmological implications, including altered equations of state due to gravity-matter interactions.

Contribution

It introduces two novel methods for matter coupling in Hořava-Lifshitz gravity and studies their effects on cosmological dynamics and matter equations of state.

Findings

Defined a new minimal coupling via U(1) gauge symmetry

Analyzed the phase space of cosmology with matter couplings

Found effective matter equations of state can differ from actual matter

Abstract

In this paper, the issue how to introduce matter in Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz theories of gravity is addressed. This is a key point in order to complete the proper definition of these theories and, what is very important, to study their possible phenomenological implications. As is well known, in Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity the breakdown of Lorentz invariance invalidates the usual notion of minimally coupled matter. Two different approaches to bypass this problem are here described. One is based on a Kaluza-Klein reinterpretation of the 3+1 decomposition of the gravity degrees of freedom, what naturally leads to a definition of a U(1) gauge symmetry and, hence, to a new type of minimal coupling. The other approach relies on a midi-superspace formalism and the subsequent parametrization of the matter stress-energy tensor in terms of deep infrared variables. Using the last option, the phase space of the Horava-Lifshitz cosmology in the presence of general matter couplings is studied. It is found, in particular, that the equation of state of the effective matter may be very different from the actual matter one, owing to the non-linear interactions which exists between matter and gravity.