Effective super Tonks-Girardeau gases as ground states of strongly attractive multi-component fermions

TL;DR

This paper shows that the ground states of strongly attractive multi-component fermions in one dimension can be effectively described by super Tonks-Girardeau gas-like states, depending on the number of components, revealing new quantum many-body phases.

Contribution

It introduces a novel effective description of the ground states of strongly attractive SU(N) Fermi gases as super Tonks-Girardeau-like states with cluster formations, highlighting differences between even and odd N.

Findings

Ground states form unbreakable bound clusters in strong attraction limit.

Even N systems resemble bosonic super Tonks-Girardeau gases with attractive interactions.

Odd N systems resemble fermionic super Tonks-Girardeau gases with weak p-wave interactions.

Abstract

In the strong interaction limit, attractive fermions with $N$-component hyperfine states in a one-dimensional waveguide form unbreakable bound cluster states. We demonstrate that the ground state of strongly attractive SU($N$) Fermi gases can be effectively described by a super Tonks-Girardeau gas-like state composed of bosonic cluster states with strongly attractive cluster-cluster interaction for even $N$, and a Fermi duality of a super Tonks-Girardeau gas-like state composed of fermionic cluster states with weakly interacting cluster-cluster p-wave interaction for odd $N$.