Field equations and vector order parameter in braneworld applications

TL;DR

This paper develops covariant field equations for vector order parameters in multidimensional gravity, classifies topological defects, and presents new solutions relevant to brane world models, highlighting advantages over scalar approaches.

Contribution

It introduces a covariant framework for vector order parameters in gravity, classifies topological defects, and provides new analytical solutions for brane world applications.

Findings

Derived covariant equations for vector order parameters.

Classified topological defects based on symmetry.

Presented new solutions near phase transitions.

Abstract

Phase transitions with spontaneous symmetry breaking and vector order parameter are considered in multidimensional theory of general relativity. Covariant equations, describing the gravitational properties of topological defects, are derived. The topological defects are classified in accordance with the symmetry of the covariant derivative of the vector order parameter. The abilities of the derived equations are demonstrated in application to the brane world concept. New solutions of the Einstein equations with a transverse vector order parameter are presented. In the vicinity of phase transition the solutions are found analytically. Comparison with the commonly used scalar multiplet approach demonstrates the advantages of the vector order parameter.