Lower bound on the value of the fine-structure constant

TL;DR

This paper investigates a universal charge-mass relation for weakly self-gravitating objects, applies it to atomic nuclei, and derives a lower bound on the fine-structure constant based on nuclear data.

Contribution

It introduces a universal charge-mass bound and uses nuclear data to establish a new lower limit on the fine-structure constant.

Findings

All nuclei conform to the proposed charge-mass upper bound.

The bound implies a lower limit on the fine-structure constant, pprox; 1/323.

Meta-stable maximally charged nuclei also satisfy the bound.

Abstract

Recently, we have proposed the existence of a universal relation between the maximal electric charge and total mass of any weakly self-gravitating object: $Z\leq Z^*={\alpha}^{-1/3}A^{2/3}$, where $Z$ is the number of protons, $A$ is the total baryon (mass) number, and $\alpha=e^2/\hbar c$ is the fine-structure constant. Motivated by this novel bound, we explore the $(Z,A)$-relation of atomic nuclei as deduced from the Weizs\"acker semi-empirical mass formula. It is shown that {\it all} nuclei, including the meta-stable maximally charged ones, conform to the upper bound. Moreover, we suggest that the new charge-mass bound places an interesting constraint on the value of the fine-structure constant: $\alpha\gtrsim 1/323$.