Distinguishing post-AGB impostors in a sample of pre-main sequence stars

TL;DR

This study differentiates between pre-main sequence stars and post-AGB stars in a sample by analyzing infrared excess, spectral features, and spatial distribution, revealing that some objects previously classified as young stars are likely evolved post-AGB stars.

Contribution

The paper introduces a method to distinguish post-AGB stars from pre-main sequence stars using multi-parameter analysis, improving classification accuracy in stellar samples.

Findings

7 objects are very likely post-AGBs

5 objects are possible post-AGBs

8 objects are unlikely post-AGBs

Abstract

A sample of 27 sources, catalogued as pre-main sequence stars by the Pico dos Dias Survey (PDS), is analyzed to investigate a possible contamination by post-AGB stars. The far-infrared excess, due to dust present in the circumstellar envelope, is typical for both categories: young stars and objects that have already left the main sequence and are suffering a severe mass-loss. The presence of two known post-AGB stars in our sample inspired us to seek for other very likely or possible post-AGB objects among PDS sources previously suggested to be Herbig Ae/Be stars, by revisiting the observational database of this sample. In a comparative study with well known post-AGBs, several characteristics were evaluated: (i) parameters related to the circumstellar emission; (ii) spatial distribution to verify the background contribution from dark clouds; (iii) spectral features, and (iv) optical and infrared colors. These characteristics suggest that 7 objects of the studied sample are very likely post-AGBs, 5 are possible post-AGBs, 8 are unlikely post-AGBs, and the nature of 7 objects remains unclear.