Evolution of Universe to the present inert phase

TL;DR

This paper explores the evolution of the Universe into its current inert phase within the Inert Doublet Model, highlighting possible phase transitions and the role of dark matter candidates during cosmic cooling.

Contribution

It analyzes the Universe's evolution through various phase states, including first and second order transitions, within the Inert Doublet Model framework.

Findings

Past Universe may have passed through phases without dark matter candidates.

The evolution involved one first-order and up to two second-order phase transitions.

The current inert phase is consistent with a sequence of phase changes during cooling.

Abstract

We assume that current state of the Universe can be described by the Inert Doublet Model, containing two scalar doublets, one of which is responsible for EWSB and masses of particles and the second one having no couplings to fermions and being responsible for dark matter. We consider possible evolutions of the Universe to this state during cooling down of the Universe after inflation. We found that in the past Universe could pass through phase states having no DM candidate. In the evolution via such states in addition to a possible EWSB phase transition (2-nd order) the Universe sustained one 1-st order phase transition or two phase transitions of the 2-nd order.