Hot Bottom Burning in the envelope of SAGB stars

TL;DR

This paper studies the evolution and nucleosynthesis of super-AGB stars with initial masses 6.5-8 Msun, focusing on how different mass loss mechanisms influence their chemical yields and implications for globular cluster populations.

Contribution

It provides new insights into how mass loss prescriptions affect the evolution, nucleosynthesis, and chemical yields of super-AGB stars, with implications for globular cluster populations.

Findings

Mass loss rate significantly influences nucleosynthesis extent.

Different mass loss models lead to varied chemical compositions of ejecta.

Implications for calibrating super-AGB mass loss and supernova outcomes.

Abstract

We investigate the physical and chemical evolution of population II stars with initial masses in the range 6.5-8 Msun, which undergo an off centre carbon ignition under partially degenerate conditions, followed by a series of thermal pulses, and supported energetically by a CNO burning shell, above a O-Ne degenerate core. In agreement with the results by other research groups, we find that the O-Ne core is formed via the formation of a convective flame that proceeds to the centre of the star. The evolution which follows is strongly determined by the description of the mass loss mechanism. Use of the traditional formalism with the super-wind phase favours a long evolution with many thermal pulses, and the achievement of an advanced nucleosynthesis, due the large temperatures reached by the bottom of the external mantle. Use of a mass loss recipe with a strong dependence on the luminosity favours an early consumption of the stellar envelope, so that the extent of the nucleosynthesis, and thus the chemical composition of the ejecta, is less extreme. The implications for the multiple populations in globular clusters are discussed. If the "extreme" populations present in the most massive clusters are a result of direct formation from the super-AGB ejecta, their abundances may constitute a powerful way of calibrating the mass loss rate of this phase. This calibration will also provide informations on the fraction of super-AGBs exploding as single e-capture supernova, leaving a neutron star remnant in the cluster.