Dephasing of electron spin qubits due to their interaction with nuclei in quantum dots

TL;DR

This paper reviews how hyperfine interactions with nuclei cause dephasing of electron spin qubits in quantum dots, discussing theoretical models and experimental connections to understand coherence loss.

Contribution

It provides an overview of theoretical approaches to electron spin dephasing in quantum dots, including the Quasi-Static Bath Approximation and cluster expansion theories.

Findings

Theoretical models explain nuclear-induced dephasing mechanisms.

Connections between theory and experiments are highlighted.

Different dephasing regimes are characterized by the models.

Abstract

Coherence of spins of electrons confined in III-V quantum dots is strongly affected by their hyperfine interaction with the nuclei. In this paper an introduction to this subject will be given. Some theoretical approaches to the problem will be outlined. Most attention will be given to the Quasi-Static Bath Approximation, to the cluster expansion theories of dephasing due to the nuclear dynamics induced by the dipolar interactions (spectral diffusion), and to the effective Hamiltonian based theory of dephasing due to hyperfine-mediated interactions. The connections between the theoretical results and various experiments will be emphasized.