Observation of the Upsilon(2 3D1) and indication of the Upsilon(1 3D1)

TL;DR

This paper reports evidence for new bottomonium states, Upsilon(1D) and Upsilon(2D), based on analysis of BABAR data, with significant signals indicating their existence in the b-bbar spectrum.

Contribution

It provides the first evidence for the Upsilon(1D) and Upsilon(2D) states with measured masses and significance levels, advancing understanding of bottomonium spectroscopy.

Findings

Upsilon(1D) mass around 10098 MeV with 3.0 sigma significance

Upsilon(2D) mass around 10492 MeV with 10.7 sigma significance

Evidence supports the existence of higher bottomonium excitations.

Abstract

We present evidence, from published BABAR data, for the existence of further excitations in the b-bbar spectrum, namely the long-awaited Upsilon(1D) and Upsilon(2D) with central masses of 10098 pm 5 MeV and 10492 pm 5 MeV, respectively. The significance of the Upsilon(1 3D1) and Upsilon(2 3D1) signals is found to be 3.0 and 10.7 standard deviations, respectively.