Analytical three-dimensional bright solitons and soliton-pairs in Bose-Einstein condensates with time-space modulation

TL;DR

This paper derives analytical 3D bright soliton solutions for the (3+1)D Gross-Pitaevskii equation with variable parameters, revealing complex behaviors like zigzag propagation and soliton interactions, with potential experimental relevance.

Contribution

It introduces new analytical multi-soliton solutions for the (3+1)D GP equation with variable potential and nonlinearity, expanding understanding of soliton dynamics in BECs.

Findings

Observation of zigzag propagation and breathing behavior of solitons

Different shapes and interactions of bright solitons achieved through parameter variation

Potential for experimental realization and applications in BECs

Abstract

We provide analytical three-dimensional bright multi-soliton solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation with time and space-dependent potential, time-dependent nonlinearity, and gain/loss. The zigzag propagation trace and the breathing behavior of solitons are observed. Different shapes of bright solitons and fascinating interactions between two solitons can be achieved with different parameters. The obtained results may raise the possibility of relative experiments and potential applications.