Nonlinear realizations of symmetries and unphysical Goldstone bosons

TL;DR

This paper investigates the nature of unphysical Goldstone bosons in p-brane actions, demonstrating they are gauge degrees of freedom and showing how to eliminate them to simplify the action.

Contribution

It clarifies the relationship between inverse Higgs constraints, equations of motion, and gauge degrees of freedom for unphysical Goldstone bosons in various theories.

Findings

Unphysical Goldstone bosons can be eliminated via equations of motion or inverse Higgs constraints.

These bosons are gauge degrees of freedom linked to an enlarged isotropy group.

The structure applies to p-branes and conformally invariant dilaton actions.

Abstract

The embedding of a $p$-brane into higher dimensional spacetime breaks not only translational symmetries transverse to the worldvolume, but also Lorentz symmetries. There exist formulations for $p$-brane actions which associate Goldstone bosons with the generators of the broken Lorentz symmetries. These Goldstone bosons are unphysical, in that they can be eliminated in favour of other Goldstone bosons either via their equations of motion or via the imposition of an inverse Higgs constraint. In this paper, we examine the inter-relationship between the coset parameterization necessary to implement the inverse Higgs constraint, the equivalence of the inverse Higgs constraint to equations of motion, and the ability to find versions of the action with no explicit dependence on the unphysical Goldstone bosons. This is evidence that the unphysical Goldstone bosons are gauge degrees of freedom associated with an enlarged isotropy group. In addition to $p$-brane actions, a number of other cases, including conformally invariant dilaton actions, are shown to exhibit the same structure.