Type Ia Supernovae and Accretion Induced Collapse

TL;DR

This paper uses binary evolution simulations to analyze various progenitor channels of Type Ia supernovae, emphasizing the significance of the sub-Chandrasekhar mass scenario in explaining observed rates and delay times.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of Type Ia supernova progenitors, highlighting the dominant role of the sub-Chandrasekhar mass channel in supernova rates.

Findings

Sub-Chandrasekhar mass SNe Ia dominate at 0.7-4 Gyr after star formation.

Delay time distribution includes prompt (<500 Myr) and delayed (>800 Myr) channels.

Standard models suggest only the sub-Chandrasekhar scenario fully explains observed rates.

Abstract

Using the population synthesis binary evolution code StarTrack, we present theoretical rates and delay times of Type Ia supernovae arising from various formation channels. These channels include binaries in which the exploding white dwarf reaches the Chandrasekhar mass limit (DDS, SDS, and helium-rich donor scenario) as well as the sub-Chandrasekhar mass scenario, in which a white dwarf accretes from a helium-rich companion and explodes as a SN Ia before reaching the Chandrasekhar mass limit. We find that using a common envelope parameterization employing energy balance with alpha=1 and lambda=1, the supernova rates per unit mass (born in stars) of sub-Chandrasekhar mass SNe Ia exceed those of all other progenitor channels at epochs t=0.7 - 4 Gyr for a burst of star formation at t=0. Additionally, the delay time distribution of the sub-Chandrasekhar model can be divided in to two distinct evolutionary channels: the `prompt' helium-star channel with delay times < 500 Myr, and the `delayed' double white dwarf channel with delay times > 800 Myr spanning up to a Hubble time. These findings are in agreement with recent observationally-derived delay time distributions which predict that a large number of SNe Ia have delay times < 1 Gyr, with a significant fraction having delay times < 500 Myr. We find that the DDS channel is also able to account for the observed rates of SNe Ia. However, detailed simulations of white dwarf mergers have shown that most of these mergers will not lead to SNe Ia but rather to the formation of a neutron star via accretion-induced collapse. If this is true, our standard population synthesis model predicts that the only progenitor channel which can account for the rates of SNe Ia is the sub-Chandrasekhar mass scenario, and none of the other progenitors considered can fully account for the observed rates.