Gravitational wave signatures from kink proliferation on cosmic (super-) strings

TL;DR

This paper investigates how kink proliferation on cosmic (super-) strings with junctions affects gravitational wave signals, providing predictions for GW burst rates and backgrounds relevant for LIGO, LISA, and pulsar observations.

Contribution

It models the impact of kink proliferation on GW signals from cosmic strings with junctions, linking theoretical predictions with observational constraints.

Findings

Pulsar data exclude many kinks for Gμ > 10^{-12}.

Smaller tensions allow numerous kinks, potentially obscuring individual GW bursts.

Kink-kink encounters can produce a strong GW background that masks burst signals.

Abstract

Junctions on cosmic string loops give rise to the proliferation of sharp kinks. We study the effect of this proliferation on the gravitational wave (GW) signals emitted from string networks with junctions, assuming a scaling solution. We calculate the rate of occurrence and the distribution in amplitude of the GW bursts emitted at cusps and kinks in the frequency bands of LIGO and LISA as a function of the string tension, the number of sharp kinks on loops with junctions and the fraction of loops in the cosmological network which have junctions. Combining our results with current observational constraints, we find that pulsar data rule out a significant number of kinks on loops for strings with tensions G\mu > 10^{-12}. By contrast, for smaller tensions current observations allow for a large number of kinks on loops. If this is the case, the incoherent superposition of small bursts emitted at kink-kink encounters leads to an enhanced GW background that hides the strong individual bursts from kinks and cusps.