Synthetic Modeling of Astronomical Closed Loop Adaptive Optics

TL;DR

This paper introduces an analytical closed-loop adaptive optics model for astronomical systems using a natural guide star, enabling simulations of the point spread function and aiding in system design and data analysis.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive Fourier-based model that includes all classical phase errors and deformable mirror transfer functions, enhancing simulation accuracy for adaptive optics systems.

Findings

Model accurately simulates long exposure PSF

Includes all classical phase errors in simulation

Supports different actuator and sensor geometries

Abstract

We present an analytical model of a single natural guide star astronomical adaptive optics system, in closed loop mode. The model is used to simulate the long exposure system point spread function, using the spatial frequency (or Fourier) approach, and complement an initial open loop model. Applications range from system design, science case analysis and AO data reduction. All the classical phase errors have been included: deformable mirror fitting error, wavefront sensor spatial aliasing, wavefront sensor noise, and the correlated anisoplanatic and servo-lag error. The model includes the deformable mirror spatial transfer function, and the actuator array geometry can be different from the wavefront sensor lenslet array geometry. We also include the dispersion between the sensing and the correction wavelengths. Illustrative examples are given at the end of the paper.