Least-action perihelion precession

TL;DR

This paper reexamines Mercury's perihelion precession using the principle of least action, attributing the anomaly to the Universe's gravitational effects and energy dispersal, offering an alternative perspective to general relativity.

Contribution

It proposes a novel explanation for perihelion precession based on energy density differences and the Universe's expansion driven by mass-to-radiation conversion.

Findings

Perihelion precession linked to universal energy effects

Universe's expansion driven by mass combustion to radiation

Gravity described as energy density differences

Abstract

The precession of Mercury's perihelion is reinspected by the principle of least action. The anomalous advancement of the apside line that is customarily accounted by the theory of general relativity, is ascribed to the gravitational effect due to the entire Universe. When the least action is written in the Sun's frame of reference, the residual rotation is seen to stem from inertia due to all bodies in the Universe. Since mass corresponds to a bound form of energy, gravity, as any other force, can be described as an energy density difference between a system of bodies and its surrounding energy densities that are dispersed throughout the Universe. According to the principle of least action the Universe is expanding by combustion of mass to radiation in the quest of equilibrating the bound forms of energy with "zero-density surroundings" in least time. Keywords: cosmological principle; energy density; energy dispersal; evolution; gravity; the principle of least action