Simulation of gauge transformations on systems of ultracold atoms

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how gauge transformations can be simulated with ultracold atom systems, analyzing invariant observables and their behavior under changing magnetic flux, revealing shifts in phase transition points.

Contribution

It introduces a method to simulate gauge transformations in ultracold atoms and analyzes the stability of observable invariants using tensor networks.

Findings

Gauge transformations can be simulated on ultracold atoms.

The Mott-insulator-to-superfluid transition point shifts with magnetic flux.

Results are stable with small entanglement in the variational ansatz.

Abstract

We show that gauge transformations can be simulated on systems of ultracold atoms. We discuss observables that are invariant under these gauge transformations and compute them using a tensor network ansatz that escapes the phase problem. We determine that the Mott-insulator-to-superfluid critical point is monotonically shifted as the induced magnetic flux increases. This result is stable against the inclusion of a small amount of entanglement in the variational ansatz.