The Lyman-alpha emission of high-z damped Lyman-alpha systems

TL;DR

This study used spectral stacking of SDSS QSO spectra to set a deep upper limit on Lyman-alpha emission from high-redshift DLA galaxies, suggesting they are less efficient in star formation and possibly located away from star-forming regions.

Contribution

First to place a stringent upper limit on Lyman-alpha emission from high-z DLA galaxies using spectral stacking, revealing their low star formation efficiency and ionized environment.

Findings

No significant Lyman-alpha emission detected from DLAs.

DLAs likely originate from low-luminosity Lyman-alpha emitters or are distant from star-forming regions.

DLAs are associated with highly ionized gas, possibly from galactic winds or cold accretion flows.

Abstract

Using a spectral stacking technique we searched for the average \lya emission from high-z Damped \lya (DLA) galaxies detected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey QSO spectra. We used a sample of 341 DLAs of mean redshift <z>= 2.86 and log N(HI) > 20.62 to place a 3$\sigma$ upper limit of 3.0 \times 10^{-18} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2} on the \lya flux emitted within $\sim$1.5 arcsec (or 12 kpc) from the QSO line of sight. This corresponds to an average \lya luminosity of < 2 \times 10^{41} erg s^{-1} or 0.03 $L_\star$(\lya). This limit is deeper than the limit of most surveys for faint \lya emitters. The lack of \lya emission in DLAs is consistent with the in situ star formation, for a given N(HI), being less efficient than what is seen in local galaxies. Thus, the overall DLA population seems to originate from the low luminosity end of the high redshift \lya emitting galaxies and/or to be located far away from the star forming regions. The latter may well be true since we detect strong OVI absorption in the stacked spectrum, indicating that DLAs are associated with a highly ionized phase possibly the relics of galactic winds and/or originating from cold accretion flows. We find the contribution of DLA galaxies to the global star formation rate density to be comparatively lower than that of Lyman Break Galaxies.