Rank one perturbations and Anderson-type Hamiltonians

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that Anderson-type Hamiltonians with random perturbations are almost surely related by rank one perturbations, linking complex non-compact perturbations to simpler rank one cases, and analyzes their spectral properties.

Contribution

It proves that the essential parts of two realizations of Anderson-type Hamiltonians differ by a rank one perturbation, simplifying the analysis of their spectral behavior.

Findings

Essential spectra are either empty or have positive Lebesgue measure.

Almost surely, Hamiltonians differ by a rank one perturbation.

Connects complex perturbation problems to model theory applications.

Abstract

Motivated by applications of the discrete random Schr\"odinger operator, mathematical physicists and analysts, began studying more general Anderson-type Hamiltonians; that is, the family of self-adjoint operators $$H_\omega = H + V_\omega$$ on a separable Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, where the perturbation is given by $$V_\omega = \sum_n \omega_n (\cdot, \varphi_n)\varphi_n$$ with a sequence $\{\varphi_n\}\subset\mathcal{H}$ and independent identically distributed random variables $\omega_n$. We show that the the essential parts of Hamiltonians associated to any two realizations of the random variable are (almost surely) related by a rank one perturbation. This result connects one of the least trackable perturbation problem (with almost surely non-compact perturbations) with one where the perturbation is `only' of rank one perturbations. The latter presents a basic application of model theory. We also show that the intersection of the essential spectrum with open sets is almost surely either the empty set, or it has non-zero Lebesgue measure.