Remarks on the non-equilibrium effects and collision dynamics in heavy-ion collisions

TL;DR

This study uses quantum molecular dynamics simulations to analyze how incident energy affects equilibration and collision dynamics in semi-central calcium-40 heavy-ion collisions, revealing energy-dependent effects on expansion and transparency.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the energy dependence of reaction observables and the thermalization process in heavy-ion collisions using QMD simulations.

Findings

Incident energy significantly affects transverse expansion and transparency.

Thermalization degree of participant matter is independent of incident energy.

Trajectory analysis reveals differences in nucleon collision histories.

Abstract

We study the beam energy dependence of equilibration process and space-time characteristics of participant and spectator matter. For this, we simulated the semi-central collisions of $^{40}Ca+ ^{40}Ca$ at incident energies of 400, 600 and 1000 AMeV within the \emph{quantum molecular dynamics} (QMD) approach. Our numerical calculations based on the molecular dynamics approach show that incident energy of the projectile influences the reaction observables drastically. The effect is more visible for transverse expansion of the nuclear matter and transparency behavior. The degree of thermalization of participant matter, however, remains independent of the incident energy. The characteristics of the trajectories followed by the nucleons suffering maximal and minimal binary collisions are also analyzed.