Peculiarities of the defect model for the mixed mobile ion effect in mixed cation glasses

TL;DR

This paper investigates the peculiarities of the mixed mobile ion effect in various cation glasses, revealing how ion size and site structure influence defect formation, diffusivity, and transition temperatures, with implications for understanding ion mobility.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the defect model in mixed cation glasses, highlighting differences between alkali, alkaline earth, and similar ionic radii systems, and explains the absence of classical mixed ion effects in certain compositions.

Findings

Mixed cation effect observed in diffusivity and transition temperature in certain glasses.

Dissimilar ions with similar radii can utilize vacant sites without defect formation.

Absence of mixed ion effect in specific compositions indicates lack of site rearrangement.

Abstract

Peculiarities of mixed cation effect in ternary glasses whose composition involves alkali and non-alkali unicharged ions and/or alkaline earth ions are explored within context of defect model for mixed mobile ion effect (V. Belostotsky, J. Non-Cryst. Solids (2007)). In mixed alkaline earth glasses mixed cation effect is observed as in ionic diffusivity as well as in the glass transition temperature reflecting the fact that movement of dissimilar ions of unequal size is accompanied by formation of intrinsic defects in glass matrix when mobile ions enter foreign sites. It is qualitatively similar to that in mixed alkali glasses although quantitatively it is much less pronounced due to lower mobility of alkaline earth ions. In mixed cation glasses whose composition involves dissimilar mobile ions with ionic radii close to each other 'classical' mixed mobile ion effect is not observed in sense we face it in mixed alkali glasses. In alkali alkaline earth glasses like xNa2O-(1-x)CaO-SiO2 and xK2O-(1-x)BaO-SiO2 energy landscape is comprised of regular unicharged alkali sites and double-charged alkaline-earth sites, and mobile ions of both types can utilize either vacant sites without their rearrangement. This leads to increase in apparent diffusivity of alkaline-earth species when their concentration decreases which is opposite to what is reported for mixed alkali glasses. Mixed cation effect in the transition temperature of such glasses is not observed which is clear indication that site rearrangement involving generation of intrinsic defects does not occur when a mobile ion enters a foreign site. Similar picture is observed in Na-Ag phosphate glasses where mixed cation effect in ionic conductivity is anomalously low because dissimilar ions have almost equal ionic radii and can utilize either vacant sites without their rearrangement and intrinsic defect formations in nearest glass matrix