Color Superfluid and Trionic State of Attractive Three-Component Lattice Fermionic Atoms at Finite Temperatures

TL;DR

This paper explores the finite-temperature phase transitions of three-component fermionic atoms in optical lattices, revealing transitions from Fermi liquids to color superfluids and trionic states influenced by interaction strength and temperature.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of phase transitions and crossovers in three-component fermionic systems at finite temperatures using a self-energy functional approach.

Findings

Second-order transition from Fermi liquid to color superfluid at low temperatures.

First-order transition from color superfluid to trionic state at strong attraction.

Crossover between Fermi liquid and trionic state at high temperatures, independent of filling.

Abstract

We investigate the finite-temperature properties of attractive three-component (colors) fermionic atoms in optical lattices using a self-energy functional approach. As the strength of the attractive interaction increases in the low temperature region, a second-order transition occurs from a Fermi liquid to a color superfluid (CSF). In the strong attractive region, a first-order transition occurs from a CSF to a trionic state. In the high temperature region, a crossover between a Fermi liquid and a trionic state is observed with increasing the strength of the attractive interaction. The crossover region for fixed temperature is almost independent of filling.