Numerical Modeling of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections and Comparison with Heliospheric Images

TL;DR

This paper reviews numerical modeling of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), highlighting how simulations support remote observations, reveal complex structures, and improve understanding of their origins, evolution, and interactions in space.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of recent numerical models of ICMEs, emphasizing their role in interpreting remote-sensing data and understanding complex ejecta interactions.

Findings

3-D simulations aid in identifying ICME origins.

Numerical models help interpret remote observations.

Simulations reveal formation mechanisms of complex ejecta.

Abstract

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) have complex magnetic and density structures, which is the result of their interaction with the structured solar wind and with previous eruptions. ICMEs are revealed by in situ measurements and in the past five years, through remote-sensing observations by heliospheric imagers. However, to understand and analyze these observations often requires the use of numerical modeling. It is because no instruments can yet provide a simple view of ICMEs in two or three dimensions. Numerical simulations can be used to determine the origin of a complex ejecta observed near Earth, or to analyze the origin, speed and extent of density structures observed remotely. Here, we review and discuss recent efforts to use numerical simulations of ICMEs to investigate the magnetic topology, density structure, energetics and kinematics of ICMEs in the interplanetary space. After reviewing existing numerical models of ICMEs, we first focus on numerical modeling in support of the SMEI and STEREO observations. 3-D simulations can help determining the origins of the fronts observed by SECCHI and SMEI, especially for complex events such as the January 24-25, 2007 CMEs. They can also be used to test different methods to derive ICME properties from remote observations, to predict and explain observational effects, and to understand the deceleration and deformation of ICMEs. In the last part, we focus on the numerical investigation of non-magnetic cloud ejecta. We discuss how simulations are crucial to understand the formation of non-twisted ejecta and the formation of complex ejecta due to the interaction of multiple ICMEs.