X-ray absorption by Broad Line Region Clouds in Mrk 766

TL;DR

This study analyzes X-ray data from Mrk 766 to understand how Broad Line Region clouds cause spectral changes, revealing their physical properties, velocities, and ionization states through eclipse observations.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed characterization of BLR clouds crossing the line of sight in Mrk 766 using X-ray eclipse analysis.

Findings

Cloud cores have column densities of at least 10^23 cm^-2.

Cloud velocities range from thousands to over 15,000 km/s.

Presence of highly ionized gas with outflow velocities.

Abstract

We present a new analysis of a 9-day long XMM-Newton monitoring of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 766. We show that the strong changes in spectral shape which occurred during this observation can be interpreted as due to Broad Line Region clouds crossing the line of sight to the X-ray source. Within the occultation scenario, the spectral and temporal analysis of the eclipses provides precise estimates of the geometrical structure, location and physical properties of the absorbing clouds. In particular, we show that these clouds have cores with column densities of at least a few 10^23 cm^-2 and velocities in the plane of the sky of the order of thousands km/s. The three different eclipses monitored by XMM-Newton suggest a broad range in cloud velocities (by a factor ~4-5). Moreover, two iron absorption lines clearly associated with each eclipse suggest the presence of highly ionized gas around the obscuring clouds, and an outflow component of the velocity spanning from 3,000 to 15,000 km/s