The X-ray and radio-emitting plasma lobes of 4C23.56: further evidence of recurrent jet activity and high acceleration energies

TL;DR

This study presents Chandra X-ray observations of the giant radio galaxy 4C23.56 at z=2.5, revealing evidence of recurrent jet activity, high-energy electron acceleration, and complex shock structures in its plasma lobes.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the multi-episodic jet activity and shock structures in high-redshift giant radio galaxies, highlighting the role of relic lobes and electron acceleration.

Findings

X-ray emission aligns with oldest lobe plasma, even where radio emission has faded.

Hotspot complexes show double shock structures with larger offsets than previous observations.

Unusual low surface-brightness radio emission suggests recent high-energy electron leakage from hotspots.

Abstract

New Chandra observations of the giant (0.5 Mpc) radio galaxy 4C23.56 at z = 2.5 show X-rays in a linear structure aligned with its radio emission, but anti-correlated with the detailed radio structure. Consistent with the powerful, high-z giant radio galaxies we have studied previously, X-rays seem to be invariably found where the lobe plasma is oldest even where the radio emission has long since faded. The hotspot complexes seem to show structures resembling the double shock structure exhibited by the largest radio quasar 4C74.26, with the X-ray shock again being offset closer to the nucleus than the radio synchrotron shock. In the current paper, the offsets between these shocks are even larger at 35kpc. Unusually for a classical double (FRII) radio source, there is smooth low surface-brightness radio emission associated with the regions beyond the hotspots (further away from the nucleus than the hotspots themselves), which seems to be symmetric for the ends of both jets. We consider possible explanations for this phenomenon, and conclude that it arises from high-energy electrons, recently accelerated in the nearby radio hotspots that are leaking into a pre-existing weakly-magnetized plasma that are symmetric relic lobes fed from a previous episode of jet activity. This contrasts with other manifestations of previous epochs of jet ejection in various examples of classical double radio sources namely (1) double-double radio galaxies by e.g. Schoenmakers et al, (2) the double-double X-ray/radio galaxies by Laskar et al and (3) the presence of a relic X-ray counter-jet in the prototypical classical double radio galaxy, Cygnus A by Steenbrugge et al. The occurrence of multi-episodic jet activity in powerful radio galaxies and quasars indicates that they may have a longer lasting influence on the on-going structure formation processes in their environs than previously presumed.