Testing Photons' Bose-Einstein Statistics With Compton Scattering

TL;DR

This paper investigates whether photons strictly obey Bose-Einstein statistics by analyzing Compton scattering, deriving bounds on potential deviations, and discussing implications for fundamental symmetries like Lorentz invariance.

Contribution

It provides experimental bounds on deviations from Bose-Einstein statistics for photons using Compton scattering and discusses implications for Lorentz symmetry and preferred frames.

Findings

Bound on wrong-sign photon statistics: nu < 10^(-25) with Lorentz invariance.

Bound on wrong-sign photon statistics: nu < 10^(-14) with a preferred frame.

Large anomalous amplitude for timelike photon scattering observed.

Abstract

It is an empirical question whether photons always obey Bose-Einstein statistics, but devising and interpreting experimental tests of photon statistics can be a challenge. The nonrelativistic cross section for Compton scattering illustrates how a small admixture nu of wrong-sign statistics leads to a loss of gauge invariance; there is a large anomalous amplitude for scattering timelike photons. Nevertheless, one can interpret the observed transparency of the solar wind plasma at low frequencies as a bound nu < 10^(-25) if Lorentz symmetry is required. If there is instead a universal preferred frame, the bound is nu < 10^(-14), still strong compared with previous results.