Possibility to measure thermal effects in the Casimir force

TL;DR

This paper investigates the feasibility of measuring small thermal effects in the Casimir force between metal bodies, analyzing the applicability of the proximity force approximation and comparing theoretical models with exact results.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of thermal effects in the Casimir force, evaluating the validity of the proximity force approximation for real metals and identifying optimal experimental configurations.

Findings

PFA results closely match exact results within the experimental parameter range.

Large thermal effects predicted by the Drude model could be experimentally observed.

Static experiments with parallel plates are best suited for detecting small thermal effects predicted by the plasma model.

Abstract

We analyze the possibility to measure small thermal effects in the Casimir force between metal test bodies in configurations of a sphere above a plate and two parallel plates. For sphere-plate geometry used in many experiments we investigate the applicability of the proximity force approximation (PFA) to calculate thermal effects in the Casimir force and its gradient. It is shown that for real metals the two formulations of the PFA used in the literature lead to relative differences in the obtained results being less than a small parameter equal to the ratio of separation distance to sphere radius. For ideal metals the PFA results for the thermal correction are obtained and compared with available exact results. It is emphasized that in the experimental region in the zeroth order of the small parameter mentioned above the thermal Casimir force and its gradient calculated using the PFA (and thermal corrections in their own right) coincide with respective exact results. For real metals available exact results are outside the application region of the PFA. However, the exact results are shown to converge to the PFA results when the small parameter goes down to the experimental values. We arrive at the conclusion that large thermal effects predicted by the Drude model approach, if existing at all, could be measured in both static and dynamic experiments in sphere-plate and plate-plate configurations. As to the small thermal effects predicted by the plasma model approach, the static experiment in the configuration of two parallel plates is found to be the best for its observation.