Uniformization, Calogero-Moser/Heun duality and Sutherland/bubbling pants

TL;DR

This paper explores the deep connections between uniformization problems, integrable systems, and conformal field theories inspired by AGT, revealing new dualities and geometric interpretations involving Calogero-Moser, Heun, and Sutherland models.

Contribution

It establishes novel links between spheric and toric conformal blocks via Calogero-Moser/Heun duality and introduces the 'bubbling pants' picture connecting these models to string theory.

Findings

Unified perspective on Fuchsian equations and integrable systems.

Derived relations between conformal blocks and Calogero-Moser/Heun duality.

Reproduced known results of c=1 string theory through the bubbling pants model.

Abstract

Inspired by the work of Alday, Gaiotto and Tachikawa (AGT), we saw the revival of Poincar{\'{e}}'s uniformization problem and Fuchsian equations obtained thereof. Three distinguished aspects are possessed by Fuchsian equations. First, they are available via imposing a classical Liouville limit on level-two null-vector conditions. Second, they fall into some A_1-type integrable systems. Third, the stress-tensor present there (in terms of the Q-form) manifests itself as a kind of one-dimensional "curve". Thereby, a contact with the recently proposed Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit was soon made on the one hand, whilst the seemingly mysterious derivation of Seiberg-Witten prepotentials from integrable models become resolved on the other hand. Moreover, AGT conjecture can just be regarded as a quantum version of the previous Poincar{\'{e}}'s approach. Equipped with these observations, we examined relations between spheric and toric (classical) conformal blocks via Calogero-Moser/Heun duality. Besides, as Sutherland model is also obtainable from Calogero-Moser by pinching tori at one point, we tried to understand its eigenstates from the viewpoint of toric diagrams with possibly many surface operators (toric branes) inserted. A picture called "bubbling pants" then emerged and reproduced well-known results of the non-critical self-dual c=1 string theory under a "blown-down" limit.