Ensemble averaged coherent state path integral for disordered bosons with a repulsive interaction and derivation of a nonlinear sigma model

TL;DR

This paper develops a coherent state path integral framework for disordered bosons with repulsive interactions, deriving a nonlinear sigma model that captures symmetry breaking and localization phenomena in non-equilibrium quantum systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel ensemble averaged path integral approach incorporating a non-equilibrium time contour and derives a nonlinear sigma model with specific symmetries for disordered bosons.

Findings

Derived a coset decomposition Sp(4)/U(2) x U(2) for the symmetry structure.

Connected the path integral formalism with Anderson localization concepts.

Established a framework for analyzing disordered bosonic systems with interactions.

Abstract

A coherent state path integral is considered for bosons with an ensemble average of a random potential and with an additional, repulsive interaction in the context of BEC under inclusion of specially prepared disorder. The essential normalization of the coherent state path integral, as a generating function of observables, is obtained from the non-equilibrium time contour for 'forward' and 'backward' propagation so that a time contour metric has to be taken into account in the ensemble average with the random potential. Therefore, the respective symmetries for the derivation of a nonlinear sigma model follow from the involved time contour metric which leads to a coset decomposition Sp(4)/U(2) x U(2) of the symplectic group Sp(4) with the subgroup U(2) for the unitary invariance of the density-related vacuum or ground state; the corresponding spontaneous symmetry breaking gives rise to anomalous- or 'Nambu'-doubled field degrees of freedom within self-energy matrices which are finally regarded by remaining coset matrices. The notion of a 'return probability', according to the original 'Anderson-localization', is thus naturally contained within coherent state path integrals of a non-equilibrium contour time for equivalent 'forward' and 'backward' propagation.