New water masers in Seyfert and FIR bright galaxies. IV. Interferometric follow-ups

TL;DR

This study uses interferometric observations to locate and analyze water masers in galaxies, revealing their association with star formation or AGN activity, and explores the relationship between water and OH masers.

Contribution

It provides detailed interferometric localization of water masers in three galaxies and examines the coexistence of water and OH masers, advancing understanding of their origins.

Findings

Water maser in NGC3556 linked to a supernova remnant.

Luminous water maser in Arp299 associated with nuclear regions.

Detection of both OH and H2O masers in Arp299.

Abstract

Very luminous extragalactic water masers, the megamasers, are associated with active galactic nuclei (AGN) in galaxies characterized by accretion disks, radio jets, and nuclear outflows. Weaker masers, the kilomasers, seem to be mostly related to star formation activity, although the possibility exists that some of these sources may belong to the weak tail of the AGN maser distribution. It is of particular importance to accurately locate the water maser emission to reveal its origin and shed light onto extragalactic star forming activity or to elucidate the highly obscured central regions of galaxies. We performed interferometric observations of three galaxies, NGC3556, Arp299, and NGC4151, where water emission was found. Statistical tools have been used to study the relation between OH and water maser emission in galaxies. The maser in NGC3556 is associated with a compact radio continuum source that is most likely a supernova remnant or radio supernova. In Arp299, the luminous water maser has been decomposed in three main emitting regions associated with the nuclear regions of the two main galaxies of the system, NGC3690 and IC694, and the region of overlap. In NGC4151, only one of the two previously observed maser components has been tentatively detected. This feature, if real, is associated with the galaxy's central region. The only galaxy, so far, where luminous maser emission from two maser species, OH and H2O has been confidently detected is Arp299. Weaker masers from these two species do instead coexist in a number of objects. A larger number of objects searched for both maser species are, however, necessary to better assess these last two results.