Complete symmetry analyses of the surface-induced piezomagnetic, piezoelectric and linear magnetoelectric effects

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how surface effects alter magnetic symmetry, leading to new piezomagnetic, piezoelectric, and magnetoelectric properties in nanomaterials that are not present in bulk materials.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive symmetry analysis showing how surface-induced symmetry breaking creates new functional properties in nanomaterials.

Findings

Surface induces new magnetic classes with piezomagnetic, piezoelectric, and magnetoelectric effects.

Bulk classes transform into surface-induced classes with enhanced properties.

New effects are predicted to appear specifically in nanomaterials.

Abstract

The impact of the surface on the magnetic symmetry is studied. It is shown how symmetry breaking transforms the "seeding" 90 bulk magnetic classes, which include 66 piezomagnetic classes and 58 magnetoelectric classes, into the 21 surface-induced magnetic classes, which all are piezomagnetic, piezoelectric and 19 of them are linear magnetoelectric. So, the new piezomagnetic, piezoelectric properties and linear magnetoelectric coupling should appear in nanomaterials, which are absent in the bulk.